Data definition keywords

$Facets = number  (number of facets in data)

The number of facets which interact to make up each data observation.

 e.g., when there are examinees, items and judges, then $Facets = 3

 

$Flabel = number,name [,codes]  (name of facet)

The number of a facet and its label in text format, e.g., $Flabel = 2, Subjects

You may optionally append control codes to be transferred to Facets,

 

e.g., to specify that this is an anchored facet, $Flabel = 1, Judges, A

 

$Length = 0  (standard DOS input data lines)

Each line in the input data file ends with standard DOS Carriage Return-Line Feed codes. This is the usual format for DOS and ASCII files. It is the default.

 

$Length = number  (fixed length data lines)

Each line is of the same fixed length, (number) bytes long. This is sometimes required for files imported from other computer systems in fixed-length record format. E.g., $Length = 100, for records 100 characters long.

Sometimes there are "invisible" codes, particularly at the end of each line. Adjust the record length up or down one or two to allow for them. For instance, there are two invisible codes, "Carriage Return" and "Line Feed" at the end of each line in a DOS text file.

 

To verify that your $Length= instruction is correct, use a short keyword file such as:

$Input=lengthDAT.txt   your data file

$Output=testOUT.txt   a dummy output file

$Length=20     your best data file

$Facets=2     a dummy number of facets

$Print=$s1w5     the first five characters of each data record display on your screen.

Check that the 5 characters displayed on your screen are the first five characters of each record. If not, the $Length= value needs adjustment.

 

$Label = facet number [, element number] [, element name]

[, "anchor value+","+"group"]

(number/name of element)

defines the current element in the facet referenced by (facet number).

(facet number) is the number of the facet to which the current element belongs.

(element number) is the number of thee current element in the facet

(element name) is the descriptive identifying text label for the current element.

 

E.g., facet 2 references Items. Element 7, "Multiplication", is the current element in facet 2:  $Label = 2, 7, Multiplication

Either the element number or its name or both can be specified. If no number is given, then Facform will assign one.

 

"anchor value" is the logit anchor value (if any)

"group" is the element"s group number (if any)

E.g., an element with an anchor value of 2.35 logits:

$Label = 4,,Zoo,2.35

 

An element with anchor value of 0.0 in group 6

 $Label = 5,13,,"0.0,6"

 

An element with no anchor value, belonging to Group given by variable sex.

sex =2 ;male

$Label = 1,,Fred,","+Q(sex)

 

$Rating = number [, replications] (datum value)

This causes the specified observation, rating or counter to be written in Facets format into the $Output file. Blank ratings are bypassed, and not written into the $Output file. E.g., for a rating of 2 on a scale, $Rating=2

 

When there are identical replications of the same datum value with the exact same facets and element numbers, their number can be specified. E.g., for 103 ratings of 4 with the same facets and element numbers, $Rating=4,102

Replications with a count of 0 are treated as missing data and ignored. E.g., $rating=2,0

This is useful for entering tabular or survey data.

 

Decimal observations:

Observations records as decimals, e.g., 2.5, 1.23, must be transformed into integer values.

 

Examples:

data are  0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00  etc.

$rating = $N($S1W4)*4

 

data are in the range 1.00 to 9.99

since Facets understands data in the range 0 to 255, a valid transformation is:

$rating = $I(($N($S1W4)-1) * 28)

This gives ratings in the range 0 to 252.


Help for Facform Rasch Measurement Software: www.winsteps.com. Author: John Michael Linacre

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Rasch Books and Publications: Winsteps and Facets
Applying the Rasch Model (Winsteps, Facets) 4th Ed., Bond, Yan, Heene Advances in Rasch Analyses in the Human Sciences (Winsteps, Facets) 1st Ed., Boone, Staver Advances in Applications of Rasch Measurement in Science Education, X. Liu & W. J. Boone Rasch Analysis in the Human Sciences (Winsteps) Boone, Staver, Yale Appliquer le modèle de Rasch: Défis et pistes de solution (Winsteps) E. Dionne, S. Béland
Introduction to Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (Facets), Thomas Eckes Rasch Models for Solving Measurement Problems (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Jue Wang Statistical Analyses for Language Testers (Facets), Rita Green Invariant Measurement with Raters and Rating Scales: Rasch Models for Rater-Mediated Assessments (Facets), George Engelhard, Jr. & Stefanie Wind Aplicação do Modelo de Rasch (Português), de Bond, Trevor G., Fox, Christine M
Exploring Rating Scale Functioning for Survey Research (R, Facets), Stefanie Wind Rasch Measurement: Applications, Khine Winsteps Tutorials - free
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Rasch Measurement Transactions & Rasch Measurement research papers - free An Introduction to the Rasch Model with Examples in R (eRm, etc.), Debelak, Strobl, Zeigenfuse Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis in R, Wind, Hua Applying the Rasch Model in Social Sciences Using R, Lamprianou Journal of Applied Measurement
Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications, Fischer & Molenaar Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests, Georg Rasch Rasch Models for Measurement, David Andrich Constructing Measures, Mark Wilson Best Test Design - free, Wright & Stone
Rating Scale Analysis - free, Wright & Masters
Virtual Standard Setting: Setting Cut Scores, Charalambos Kollias Diseño de Mejores Pruebas - free, Spanish Best Test Design A Course in Rasch Measurement Theory, Andrich, Marais Rasch Models in Health, Christensen, Kreiner, Mesba Multivariate and Mixture Distribution Rasch Models, von Davier, Carstensen
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May 16 - June 20, 2025, Fri.-Fri. On-line workshop: Rasch Measurement - Core Topics (E. Smith, Winsteps), www.statistics.com
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