Item difficulties from score-to-measure table

' This is Visual Basic Code

 

 

' This is Visual Basic Code

 

Option Explicit

Public Sub main()

 

' solving non-linear equations by targeted trial-and-error

 

' Example using Knox Cube Test data

' in this example, arrays start at 0

 

Dim maxi&, maxn&

maxi& = 14  ' 14 items

maxn& = 14 ' scores are in range 0 to 14

 

ReDim r#(maxn&)  ' scores

ReDim b#(maxn&) ' measures for scores

ReDim d#(maxi&) ' target items

 

' list of scores

r(0) = 0.25  ' this was the extreme score adjustment

r(1) = 1

r(2) = 2

r(3) = 3

r(4) = 4

r(5) = 5

r(6) = 6

r(7) = 7

r(8) = 8

r(9) = 9

r(10) = 10

r(11) = 11

r(12) = 12

r(13) = 13

r(14) = 13.75

 

' list of measures

b(0) = -6.66

b(1) = -5.3

b(2) = -4.35

b(3) = -3.64

b(4) = -2.97

b(5) = -2.26

b(6) = -1.39

b(7) = -0.26

b(8) = 0.94

b(9) = 1.96

b(10) = 2.88

b(11) = 3.76

b(12) = 4.65

b(13) = 5.73

b(14) = 7.15

 

' size of estimation adjustment

Dim diff#

diff# = 0.1  ' too big or too small and this process fails

              ' tweaking this value may give slightly better, or hugely worse, results

 

ReDim scoren#(maxn) ' expected scores based on current set of item difficulties

 

Dim oldsqrdiff#  ' sum of squared differences from previous iteration

Dim newsqrdiff#  ' sum of squared differences for this iteration

 

Dim sumn#(2)  ' 0,1,2 = 3 squared differences for tweaking current item

Dim dhold# ' holding current item

 

Dim i&, n&, k&, j& ' indexes into arrays

 

oldsqrdiff# = 9999  ' big starting value

newsqrdiff = 9998   ' big, but slightly smaller starting value

 

While newsqrdiff < oldsqrdiff ' continue iterating while squared difference reduces

  oldsqrdiff = newsqrdiff ' save current difference

  newsqrdiff = 0  ' reset new difference

  For i = 1 To maxi& ' loop down the items

     dhold = d(i) ' hold the current item

     For k = 0 To 2 ' try 3 different item values

        d(i) = dhold + (k - 1) * diff#

        sumn(k) = 0 ' squared difference for this target item value

        For n = 0 To maxn& ' loop through all the scores

           scoren(n) = 0 ' expected score

           For j = 1 To maxi ' loop through all the items

             scoren(n) = scoren(n) + 1# / (1# + Exp(d(j) - b(n))) ' sum the expected scores

           Next j

           sumn(k) = sumn(k) + (scoren(n) - r(n)) ^ 2 ' accumulate squared differences between

                                                     ' expected and observed scores

        Next n  ' next score

   Next k  ' next target item value

   If sumn(0) < sumn(1) And sumn(0) < sumn(2) Then ' is target value k=0 the lowest?

       d(i) = dhold - diff# ' yes: revise target item value

       newsqrdiff = sumn(0) ' save differences in case this is the last score

   ElseIf sumn(2) < sumn(1) And sumn(2) < sumn(0) Then ' is target value k=2 the lowest?

       d(i) = dhold + diff#

       newsqrdiff = sumn(2)

   Else ' no change  - k=1, the original d(i) is good

       d(i) = dhold

       newsqrdiff = sumn(1)

   End If

  Next i ' next target item

  Debug.Print oldsqrdiff, newsqrdiff ' display squared differences for confirmation

Wend

 

 

For n = 0 To maxn

   Debug.Print n, r(n), scoren(n), r(n) - scoren(n) ' list of scores and differences

Next n

 

For i = 1 To maxi

  Debug.Print i, d(i) ' list of item difficulties

Next i

 

Stop

 

End Sub

 

Iteration report for KCT data:

 

Previous iterationThis iteration

 9998                        83.3772167769053 

 83.3772167769053            82.8586294323071 

.......

 7.18316390024933E-03        7.08576670997411E-03 

 7.08576670997411E-03        7.08576670997411E-03 

 

 List of observed scores, expected scores, differences

0 0.25         0.29        -0.04
1 1         0.99         0.01
2 2         2.00         0.00
3 3         3.02        -0.02
4 4         4.03        -0.03
5 5         5.00         0.00
6 6         5.97         0.03
7 7         6.99         0.01
8 8         8.01        -0.01
9 9         8.99         0.01
1010         9.98         0.02
1111        10.99         0.01
1212        11.98         0.02
1313        12.99         0.01
1413.75        13.69         0.06

 

 List of item difficulties (item order does not matter)

             Estimate  Actual

 10             5.0     4.80

 12             4.9     4.80

 14             4.5     4.80

 8              3.0     3.37

 6              2.9     2.24

 4              1.7     1.95

 2              0.6      .79

 9             -1.1    -1.57

 3             -2.9    -2.35

 7             -3.1    -3.38

 13            -3.5    -3.38

 1             -3.8    -3.83

 5             -4.1    -3.83

 11            -4.1    -4.40


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