NEWSCORE= recoding values (with RESCORE=)

NEWSCORE= says which values must replace the original codes when RESCORE= is used. If XWIDE=1 (the standard), use one column per code. If XWIDE=2, use two columns per code. The length of the NEWSCORE= string must match the length of the CODES= string. For examples, see RESCORE=. NEWSCORE= is ignored when KEYn= is specified.

The responses in your data file may not be coded as you desire. The responses to some or all of the items can be rescored or keyed using RESCORE=. RESCORE= and NEWSCORE= are ignored when KEYn= is specified, except as below.

RESCORE=" " or 2 or is omitted

All items are recoded using NEWSCORE=. RESCORE=2 is the standard when NEWSCORE= is specified.

RESCORE= some combination of 1's and 0's

Only items corresponding to 1's are recoded with NEWSCORE= or scored with KEYn=. When KEYn= is specified, NEWSCORE= is ignored.

If some, but not all, items are to be recoded or keyed, assign a character string to RESCORE= in which "1" means "recode (key) the item", and "0" (or blank) means "do not recode (key) the item". The position of the "0" or "1" in the RESCORE= string must match the position of the item-response in the item-string.

Example 0:        I want to collapse data, rating scale 1,2,3,4,5 6 to 0 through 3 is 0, 4 through 6 is 1

                       CODES    = 123456

                       NEWSCORE = 000111        ; the codes align vertically

Example 1:        The original codes are "0" and "1". You want to reverse these codes, i.e., 1 0 and 0 1, for all items.

                       XWIDE=1                one character wide responses (the standard)

                       CODES =01                valid response codes are 0 and 1 (the standard)

                       NEWSCORE=10                desired response scoring

                       RESCORE=2                rescore all items - this line can be omitted

or

                       NI = 100                100 ITEMS

                       IREFER=*

                       1-100        X                FOR ALL 100 ITEMS, reference is X

                       *

                       Codes        = 01                recode 01

                       IVALUEX = 10                into 10

Example 2:        Your data is coded "0" and "1". This is correct for all 10 items except for items 1 and 7 which have the reverse meaning, i.e. 1 0 and 0 1.

                       NI=10                ten items

                       CODES =01                the standard, shown here for clarity

(a) old method - which still works:

                       NEWSCORE=10                revised scoring

                       RESCORE=1000001000        only for items 1 and 7

(b) new method - recommended:

                       IVALUE1 =10                revised scoring

                       IVALUE0 =01                scoring unchanged, so this line can be omitted.

                       IREFER    =1000001000        only for items 1 and 7

If XWIDE=2, use one or two columns per RESCORE= code, e.g., " 1" or "1 " mean recode (key). " 0" or "0 " mean do not recode (key).

Example 3:        The original codes are " 0" and " 1". You want to reverse these codes, i.e., 1 0 and 0 1, for items 1 and 7 of a ten item test.

                       NI    =10                        ten items

                       XWIDE =2                        two characters wide

                       CODES =  " 0 1"                original codes

                       NEWSCORE=" 1 0"                new values

                       RESCORE =" 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0"        rescore items 1 & 7

Example 4:        The original codes are "0", "1", and "2". You want 0 0, 1 1, and 2 1 for all items

                       XWIDE=1                one character wide (standard)

                       CODES =012                valid codes

                       NEWSCORE=011                desired scoring

Example 5:        The original codes are "0", "1", and "2". You want to make 0 2, 1 1, and 2 0, for even-numbered items in a twenty item test.

                       NI=20                        twenty items

                       CODES =012                three valid codes

                       NEWSCORE=210                desired scoring

                       RESCORE=01010101010101010101        rescore "even" items

Example 6:        The original codes are "0", "1", "2", "3" and some others. You want to make all non-specified codes into "0", but to treat codes of "2" as missing.

                       CODES = 0123                four valid codes

                       NEWSCORE= 01X3        response code 2 will be ignored

                       MISSCORE=0                treat all invalid codes as 0

Example 7:        The original codes are "0", "1", "2", "3". You want to rescore some items selectively using KEY1= and KEY2= and to leave the others unchanged - their data codes will be their rating values. For items 5 and 6, 0 0, 1 0, 2 1, 3 2; for item 7, 0 0, 1 0, 2 0, 3 1. Responses to other items are already entered correctly as 0, 1, 2, or 3.

                       CODES =0123        valid codes

                       RESCORE=0000111000        rescore items 5,6,7

                       KEY1   =****223***        keyed for selected items

                       KEY2   =****33X***        the X will be ignored

                                       ^ read these columns vertically